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目的了解西安及重庆两所医院20年来皮肤恶性黑素瘤的临床、病理特点及发病趋势;比较两地差异;探讨皮肤恶性黑素瘤发病诱因。方法收集1981年1月1日至2000年12月31日新确诊的305例患者的临床资料,并对185例具备完整病理资料者进行分析。结果63.3%的皮肤恶性黑素瘤发生于肢端;依据临床病史,15.8%原发部位曾有先天性小痣;20世纪80、90年代皮肤恶性黑素瘤分别占同期病理活检数比例为0.053%、0.094%,该比例的年增长率为3.9%;20年来面、颈部皮肤恶性黑素瘤比例逐渐增加,足部减少。结论肢端是皮肤恶性黑素瘤最常见的发病部位,20年来上述两所医院皮肤恶性黑素瘤占活检数的比例有增加的趋势。
Objective To understand the clinical, pathological features and incidence of skin malignant melanoma in two hospitals in Xi’an and Chongqing over the past 20 years. To compare the differences between the two places and to explore the causes of skin malignant melanoma. Methods The clinical data of 305 newly diagnosed patients from January 1, 1981 to December 31, 2000 were collected, and 185 patients with complete pathological data were analyzed. Results 63.3% of skin malignant melanoma occurred in the extremities. According to the clinical history, 15.8% of the primary sites had congenital small nevus. In the 1980s and 1990s, the percentage of skin malignant melanoma in the same period accounted for 0.053 %, 0.094%, the ratio of annual growth rate of 3.9%; 20 years ago, the proportion of neck skin malignant melanoma increased gradually, the foot decreased. Conclusion Acromegaly is the most common site of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Over the past 20 years, the ratio of malignant melanoma to the number of biopsies in the two hospitals has been increasing.