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本文用列车动力学的方法,阐述了列车纵向冲动的产生及特点,论证了货车“三大件”(车钩、缓冲器、制动装置)与列车冲动的关系。本文认为,我国货车“三大件”的改造,近期内应以适应5～6kt单编列车作为主要目标。文中结合“三大件”改造的具体步骤,分析了每一措施对减少列车冲动水平及提高承载能力的作用。本文还进一步强调了加快车钩、缓冲器、制动装置改造及更新的必要性。
In this paper, by means of train dynamics, the generation and characteristics of train longitudinal impulse are expounded, and the relationship between train “three elements” (coupler, bumper and brake) and train impulse is demonstrated. This paper argues that the transformation of China’s truck “three major pieces” in the near future should be to adapt to 5 ~ 6kt single as the main goal of the train. In this paper, the specific steps of the transformation of the “three major pieces” are analyzed, and the effect of each measure on reducing train impulse level and carrying capacity is analyzed. This article further emphasizes the need to speed up the modification and renewal of the coupler, bumper and brake devices.