Background Waldenstr(o)m macroglobulinemia (WM) is an uncommon lymphoid malignancy.The characteristics and prognosis of WM have never been systematically studied in the East.Methods We analyzed the clinical characteristics and the prognostic factors of 90 Chinese WM patients,and compared them with the West reports.Results The median age was 62 years old with a male-to-female ratio of 3.74.The most common symptoms at diagnosis were fatigue (77.8％) and bleeding (20％),while only 6 patients (6.7％) were asymptomatic.In the univariate analysis,age ＞62 years,thrombocytopenia,leucopenia,cytopenias ≥2,and high risk on the intational prognostic scoring system for WM were the adverse risk factors,but only age ＞62 years and ≥2 cytopenias were the independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis.Using age ＜62 years and ≥2 cytopenias,three significantly different prognostic groups could been distinguished,with 5-year overall survival of 71.6％,48.6％,and 17.0％ (P ＜0.001).Conclusion Distinct characteristics exist in WM in China compared to the West and we describe a new simple prognostic model for newly diagnosed WM patients.