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目的对武汉市2007-2014年儿童流感病原学监测资料进行分析,掌握其流行规律、病毒分型和活动水平,为儿童流感的预防和流行提供依据。方法对流感样病例采集咽拭子标本,用Real time-PCR分子生物学法进行流感病毒检测,对不同流感病毒的流行进行季节和年龄分布的统计学分析。结果共采样5 232份,病毒分离阳性率为22.23%,其中A型流感病毒占71.53%,B型流感病毒占28.47%。2007年-2011年,季H3亚型阳性率在7-9月达到高峰,2012年后,每年12月-次年3月阳性率出现次高峰。新甲H1亚型、B型Yamagata系和Victoria系阳性率高峰均保持在每年12月至次年3月。3岁以下、3~5岁、6~10岁、11~15岁和16~18岁年龄段儿童流感病毒分离阳性率分别为14.97%、22.83%、40.45%、40.96%和75.00%。结论季H3亚型的流行时间由夏季高发转变为夏季和冬春季均高发;新甲H1亚型、B型Yamagata系和Victoria系为冬春季高发。流感病毒阳性率与年龄存在线性趋势,5岁以下儿童和中小学生属易感人群。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological data of influenza in children from 2007 to 2014 in Wuhan, and to grasp the epidemiology, virus typing and activity level, and provide the basis for the prevention and epidemic of influenza in children. Methods Throat swab specimens were collected from influenza-like cases, and influenza virus was detected by Real time-PCR molecular biology method. The seasonal and age distribution of different influenza viruses were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 5 232 samples were collected. The positive rate of virus isolation was 22.23%, of which 71.53% were influenza A virus and 28.47% were influenza B virus. From 2007 to 2011, the positive rate of H3 subtype reached its peak in July-September. After 2012, the positive rate of sub-peak appeared in December-March of the following year. The peak positive rates of the new H1N1, B-type Yamagata and Victoria lines were maintained from December to March each year. The positive rates of influenza virus isolation in children under 3, below 3-5, 6-10, 11-15 and 16-18 were 14.97%, 22.83%, 40.45%, 40.96% and 75.00%, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of H3 subtype changed from high in summer to high in summer and winter and spring. New H1N1, B type Yamagata and Victoria were high in winter and spring. The positive rate of influenza virus and the existence of a linear trend of age, children under 5 years of age and primary and secondary school students are susceptible populations.