慢性肾功能衰竭(下简称慢性肾衰)是多种慢性肾脏病晚期、尿路梗阻以及胶原性疾患等全身性疾病,其肾脏病变日起恶化的严重综合症群。因肾脏排泄和调节功能失常,出现水和电解质平衡紊乱、氮质代谢产物于体内潴留,终致尿毒症,常危及患者生命。 Chronic renal failure (hereinafter referred to as chronic renal failure) is a variety of advanced diseases of chronic kidney disease, urinary tract obstruction and collagen disorders and other systemic diseases, the deterioration of the kidney disease from severe syndrome group. Due to renal excretion and dysfunction, there is water and electrolyte balance disorders, nitrogen metabolism in the body retention, eventually leading to uremia, and often endanger the lives of patients.