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淮山药为高产高效经济作物,常年亩产2500公斤左右,产值逾5000元;耐贮易运,市场走俏,销售周期长,故开发前景极为广阔。但因其为无性繁殖,生产上常用“龙头”(即块茎顶端)或块茎切割繁殖法,致使黑斑病的病原体累积愈来愈多;加之连年种植,种性逐渐退化,因而,产量愈种愈低。为切实解决这一技术难题,笔者经多年试验研究,现已探索出一整套优化选繁新技术,较传统栽培既增产、增值,省工节本,又提早上市。其技术要点是:一、优化选种。淮山药每年须坚持提纯复壮。通常于初霜来临前,选采籽粒粗壮、毛孔稀疏,且有光泽的圆型或椭圆型山药豆作种源(每亩需种50公斤),翌春择无病田按育苗与大田之比1:4～5繁育,秋冬采收的小块茎即为下年大田备用的一代种苗。其不仅种源广、后代抗逆性强、生活力旺盛,且可重
Yam yam is a high yield and economic cash crop, annual output of about 2,500 kg per mu, the output value of more than 5,000 yuan; resistant to storage and transportation, the market sells well, the sales cycle is long, so the development prospects are extremely broad. However, because of its asexual reproduction, the common production of “faucet ” (ie tuber top) or tuber cutting and propagation method, causing more and more pathogens accumulation of black spot disease; combined with successive years of planting, the gradual degeneration of species, thus yield The more the lower the more. In order to effectively solve this technical problem, after years of experimental research, the author has now explored a whole new set of techniques for optimizing and selecting new materials. Compared with traditional cultivation, the author not only increases production, added value and saves labor, but also goes public earlier. The technical points are: First, optimize the selection. Huai yam every year must adhere to purification and rejuvenation. Usually before the advent of the first frost, select the seeds of thick stubby, sparse pores, and shiny round or oval yam beans (50 kg per acre required), the next spring to choose no disease by seedling and field ratio 1: 4 ~ 5 Breeding, autumn and winter harvest of small tubers next generation field for the next generation of seedlings. Not only its wide range of provenances, offspring strong resistance, strong vitality, and can be heavy