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利用γ反散射法对沥青混凝土斜墙容重进行非破坏性质量检验的基本原理是:沥青混凝土斜墙骨料的配比不同,其单位体积的容重不同,它对γ射线的吸收及散射程度也不相同,据此可以探知坝体是否符合质量标准.本试验对γ反散射法与常规测量法进行了比较,得出:γ反散射法测量水坝容重要比常规测量法更为精确的结论,并且探索了不同骨料配方对γ射线吸收的关系,探索了γ射线探测坝体的最佳厚度、射线束入射角和探头测量效率间的关系、反散射层底层对探测的影响、探测器周围介质对反散射的影响、放射源与探头之间的最佳距离、放射源的最佳强度,因而为仪器的小型化和进一步提高测量精度及辐射安全防护提出了一定的理论教据。
The basic principle of the non-destructive quality inspection of the bulk density of the asphalt concrete slant wall by gamma backscattering method is: the asphalt concrete slant wall aggregate has different proportions, and its unit volume has different bulk density, and it also absorbs and scatters gamma rays. Differently, based on this, it can be ascertained whether the dam body meets the quality standards. This experiment compares the gamma backscattering method with the conventional measurement method and concludes that the γ backscattering method is more accurate than the conventional measurement method in measuring the dam volume. The relationship between γ-ray absorption and different aggregate formulations was explored. The relationship between the optimal thickness of the gamma ray detection dam, the incident angle of the ray beam and the measurement efficiency of the probe, the influence of the bottom layer of the anti-scatter layer on the detection, and the surroundings of the detector were explored. The influence of the medium on backscattering, the optimal distance between the radioactive source and the probe, and the best intensity of the radioactive source, thus providing a certain theoretical teaching for the miniaturization of the instrument and further improving the measurement accuracy and radiation safety protection.