纵观文革后十几年的高考立体几何试题,直接或间接以考查直线与平面垂直关系为主要目的的试题,几乎年年都有。在题型上有选择题、填空题、解答题。在内容上有:通过线面垂直判断位置关系;通过线面垂直求距离;通过线面垂直求角;通过线面垂直求多面体及旋转体的面积及体积等等。这是为什么呢?我认为有如下三个原因。第一:线面垂直是立体几何知识框架中的重要支点,是最重要的基础知识,它与有许多重要概念、重要定理有着千丝万缕的联系;第二:线面垂直是各种位置转化的中心环节,在培养能力中起着十分重要的作用;第三:线面垂直是 Looking at the three-dimensional geotechnical examination questions of the college entrance examination after ten years of the Cultural Revolution, examination questions that directly or indirectly examine the perpendicular relationship between the straight line and the plane as the main purpose are almost every year. There are multiple choice questions, fill in blank questions, and answer questions on the question type. In terms of content, the positional relationship is judged vertically by the line surface, the distance is obtained vertically by the line surface, the vertical angle is calculated by the line surface, and the area and volume of the polyhedron and the rotary body are taken vertically by the line surface. Why is this? I think there are three reasons. The first is that the vertical line is an important fulcrum in the framework of the three-dimensional geometric knowledge, and it is the most important basic knowledge. It is inextricably linked with many important concepts and important theorems. Secondly, the vertical line is a variety of positions. The central part of the transformation plays a very important role in cultivating capacity. Thirdly, the vertical line is