论文部分内容阅读
为了探讨寒地玉米最佳追氮方式,通过大田试验,在追氮总量115 kg hm-2不变条件下,测定玉米主要生育时期根、茎、叶干物质量;氮肥偏生产力、农学效率及氮肥利用率,分析不同追氮方式[不施肥(CK);不施氮肥(PK);基肥+追肥浅追一次(NPK+SD1);基肥+追肥深追一次(NPK+DD1);基肥+追肥深追二次(NPK+DD2)]对寒地玉米干物质积累、转运及氮肥不同利用率的影响。结果表明,灌浆期茎干物质达到最大值,较CK和PK分别提高43.42%~59.40%(P<0.1)和23.12%~36.84%(P<0.1);吐丝期叶干物质量达到最大值,较CK和PK分别提高33.31%~47.14%(P<0.1)和25.88%~36.96%(P<0.1)。不同追氮方式提高了寒地玉米茎、叶转运量、转运率及对籽粒总贡献率,且氮肥深追较浅追茎运转率提高4.3%~5.61%(P<0.5),对籽粒贡献率提高1.49%~2.04%(P<0.1);叶运转率提高3.75%~4.18%(P<0.5),对籽粒贡献率提高0.98%~1.09%(P<0.5)。较CK和PK产量分别提高78.0%~99.7%(P<0.1)和54.4%~73.2%(P<0.1),且氮肥深追较氮肥浅追产量提高8.76%~12.2%,以氮肥深追二次产量最高。氮肥深追较氮肥浅追偏生产力提高5.8~8.0 kg kg-1(P<0.5),农学效率提高5.8~8.0 kg kg-1(P<0.5),利用率提高了8.3%~10.7%(P<0.1)。综合看来,氮肥深追一次、氮肥深追二次有利于寒地玉米茎、叶干物质积累、运转及对籽粒贡献率,提高氮肥不同利用率,从而提高产量,且氮肥深追好于氮肥浅追,以氮肥深追二次效果最好。
In order to investigate the best way to recover nitrogen in winter maize, the dry matter mass of roots, stems and leaves of maize at the main growth stage was determined under field conditions of total nitrogen up to 115 kg hm-2. The partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, agronomic efficiency, (NPK + SD1); basal fertilizer + topdressing and deep chasing once (NPK + DD1); basal fertilizer + top dressing (NPK + DD1) Deeply chase two times (NPK + DD2)] on dry matter accumulation, translocation and different utilization rates of nitrogen fertilizer in cold region maize. The results showed that the stems reached the maximum at the filling stage, which increased by 43.42% -59.40% (P <0.1) and 23.12% -36.84% (P <0.1) 33.31% -47.14% (P <0.1) and 25.88% -36.96% (P <0.1) higher than CK and PK, respectively. Different methods of nitrogen application improved stems and leaves translocation, translocation rate and total contribution rate to grain in winter maize, and the operation rate of deep chase and shallow chase of nitrogen fertilizer increased 4.3% ~ 5.61% (P <0.5) Increased by 1.49% ~ 2.04% (P <0.1). Leaf turnover rate increased by 3.75% -4.18% (P <0.5), and contribution to grain increased by 0.98% ~ 1.09% (P <0.5). Compared with CK and PK, the yield of CK increased by 78.0% -99.7% (P <0.1) and 54.4% -73.2% (P <0.1), respectively. The highest yield Nitrogen fertilizer had a lower tracer yield of 5.8 ~ 8.0 kg kg-1 (P <0.5), agronomic efficiency increased 5.8 ~ 8.0 kg kg-1 (P <0.5) and utilization rate increased 8.3% -10.7% <0.1). Taken together, the nitrogen fertilizer chasing time again, followed by deep nitrogen fertilizer two times is conducive to cold corn stems and leaves, dry matter accumulation, operation and contribution to the grain, improve the different utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, thereby increasing production, and nitrogen fertilizer is better than nitrogen fertilizer Shallow chase, followed by nitrogen fertilizer deep second best.