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对空间对接机构及其技术进行了综述。将空间对接机构分为载人大型对接机构和非密封小型对接机构两大类,阐述了空间对接机构的物资补给与人员轮换、大型航天器或平台在轨装配、航天器在轨服务,以及探测器飞行过程构型优化等主要用途。将空间对接技术划为早期探索、实用、发展成熟和深入发展4个阶段。归纳了主要空间对接机构的特点。分析了空间对接技术中的总体设计、关键部件研制、对接力学仿真、对接机构试验等难点。回顾了我国空间对接技术的发展历程,以及突破的总体技术方案、捕获与缓冲设计、连接设计,以及其它设计要素等关键技术。给出了我国空间对接机构应用取得的重大成就。介绍了国外载人弱撞击式对接机构、停靠性对接机构和卫星对接机构等新型空间对接机构的研究背景、进展和涉及的关键技术。提出了未来我国空间对接技术发展路线,建议开展弱撞击对接系统、卫星对接机构的研究,并将合作目标对接技术向非合作目标捕获方向拓展。
Space docking mechanism and its technology are reviewed. The space docking mechanism is divided into two major categories: manned docking interface and non-sealing docking interface. The space docking mechanism is described in terms of material supply and personnel rotation, on-orbit assembly of large spacecraft or platform, spacecraft in-orbit service, and detection Aircraft flight process configuration optimization and other major purposes. Space docking technology is classified as early exploration, practical, mature and in-depth development of four stages. Summarized the characteristics of the main space docking institutions. The difficulties in the design of the space docking technology, the development of the key components, the simulation of the docking mechanics and the docking mechanism are analyzed. The development history of China’s space docking technology is reviewed, as well as the breakthrough of the overall technical solutions, capture and buffer design, connection design, and other key design elements. The significant achievements made in the application of China’s space docking institutions are given. The research background, progress and key technologies involved in the new type of space docking mechanism such as the overseas manned weak impact docking mechanism, docking docking mechanism and satellite docking mechanism are introduced. Proposed the development route of China’s space docking technology in the future, proposed the research on the weak impact docking system and the satellite docking mechanism, and expanded the cooperation target docking technology to capture the non-cooperation target.