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作者综述了几组科学家利用不同的方法,分别地在同时研究有关癌症病人对多种药物有抗药性的问题。抗癌药物进入了有抗药性的细胞后在它们能起到破坏作用之前就被挤压出来。且发现对一种药有抗药性的癌细胞,往往对其他无关联的药也有抗药性。这一研究是从1971年开始的。Biedler和她的同事发现抗药细胞不易聚拢药物在膜内是由于膜和细胞蛋白有变化。Victor Ling找到一种P(渗透)糖蛋白(是一种分子量170,000的膜蛋白)叫作p170。麻省理工学院的Roninson,Gros,Housman在研究仓鼠细胞线时能找出用无性繁殖扩大了的基因,并标志一种信使核糖核酸(mRNA). Pastan,Gottesman,秋山新一等证明这也适用于人癌细胞线,人的抗药细胞中也存在这些相同的基因序列并扩大了。他们把DNA或含有人或仓鼠抗药基因的染色体转到小鼠细胞,小鼠就有抗药性。Gros发现二片DNA和二种mRNA与抗药性有关,且所有抗药线中,唯一被扩大的mRNA是对P170的。但另一种设想是不止一种基因对抗药是必需的。
The authors reviewed several groups of scientists who used different methods to simultaneously study the problem of cancer patients resistant to multiple drugs. Anti-cancer drugs enter the drug-resistant cells and are squeezed out before they can play a destructive role. It has been found that cancer cells that are resistant to one drug are often resistant to other unrelated drugs. This study began in 1971. Biedler and her colleagues found that resistant cells are not easy to gather in the membrane due to membrane and cellular protein changes. Victor Ling found a P (osmotic) glycoprotein (a membrane protein with a molecular weight of 170,000) called p170. Roninson, Gros, and Housman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology were able to find genes that were amplified by vegetative reproduction when studying hamster cell lines and marked a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Pastan, Gottesman, Akiyama Shinichi et al. In human cancer cell lines, these same gene sequences are also present in human resistant cells and expanded. They transferred DNA or chromosomes containing human or hamster drug resistance genes to mouse cells and the mice were resistant. Gros found that two DNA and two mRNAs are related to drug resistance, and that in all resistant lines, the only amplified mRNA is for P170. But another idea is that more than one gene counter-remedy is necessary.