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采用三维弹塑性有限单元法,建立尖轨矫直有限元计算模型,研究客运专线道岔尖轨矫直过程中加载量及加载支距对尖轨纵向残余应力、横向残余应力和Mises残余应力的影响。结果表明,尖轨矫直时中间横截面的纵向残余应力、横向残余应力和Mises残余应力分布规律在不同加载量和不同加载支距下基本相同,且随加载量的增加而增加,随加载支距的增加而减小。尖轨轨底的残余应力较轨头和轨腰残余应力大,纵向残余应力远大于横向残余应力,减小纵向残余应力是减小尖轨矫直残余应力的关键因素。研究结果为改进尖轨矫直工艺,减小尖轨矫直残余应力提供理论依据。
The three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element method was used to establish the finite element model of the tip-rail straightening. The influence of the loading and the load-bearing distance on the longitudinal and lateral residual stress and Mises residual stress . The results show that the longitudinal residual stress, transverse residual stress and Mises residual stress of the middle cross section are almost the same under different loadings and loading loads, and increase with the loading, Distance increases and decreases. The residual stress at the base of the sharp rail is larger than that of the rail head and the rail, and the longitudinal residual stress is much larger than the horizontal residual stress. Reducing the longitudinal residual stress is the key factor to reduce the residual stress of the rail straightening. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the rail straightening process and reducing the residual stress of the rail straightening.