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1前言随着工业不断发展,压力容器的操作条件越来越苛刻,压力从高真空到几万个大气压,温度从超低温到高温,尺寸也越来越大,结构也越来越复杂。同时,压力容器所处理的介质往往又是易燃易爆或有毒的,一旦发生事故,将给国家财产和人民生命带来不可估量的损失。所以,加强压力容器的制造质量控制是非常必要的。2焊接应力产生的机理及危害压力容器制造中,焊接和热处理是制造工艺中的关键工序。在焊接过程中,存在着3种附加的内应力,即焊接接头各部位受热及冷却速度不同产生的
1 Introduction With the continuous development of industry, the operating conditions of pressure vessels are more and more harsh. The pressure from high vacuum to tens of thousands of atmospheric pressure, the temperature from ultra-low temperature to high temperature, the size is also growing, the structure is also more and more complex. At the same time, the medium handled by the pressure vessel is often flammable, explosive or toxic. In the event of an accident, it will bring immeasurable losses to the country’s property and people’s lives. Therefore, to strengthen the pressure vessel manufacturing quality control is very necessary. 2 Mechanism and Hazards of Welding Stress In the manufacture of pressure vessels, welding and heat treatment are the key processes in the manufacturing process. In the welding process, there are three kinds of additional internal stress, that is welded joints of various parts of the heating and cooling rate caused by different