Objective: To investigate the effect of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) on hematopoietic injury of acute radiation sickness in mice. Methods: Mice were subjected to whole-body 60Co γ ray irradiation,then bpBMP was put into spatium intermusculare or rhBMP-2m, PBK/hBMP-2 -NIH3T3 cells were injected into abdominal cavity. The effect of BMPs on hematopoiesis including some hematological parameters, the survival rate of 30 d and formation of bone marrow CFU-GM colony were detected at postradiation. Results:pbBMP (purified bovine bone morphogenetic protein) increased the formation of bone marrow CFU-GM colony (P＜0. 05) on d 10 after irradiation. rhBMP-2m increased the survival rate of mice irradiated by 7.5Gy; Mice in control group died in 30 days, while 100%, 15% and 350% mice survived when they were injected i.p. with 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 2. 0 mg of rhBMP-2m respectively. All hematological parameters of treated mice were significantly higher than those of control group (P＜0. 01). PBK/hBMP-2 -NIH3T3 cells were established and transplanted into mice irradiated by 7.0 Gy γ ray with i. p.. The survival ratio of treated mice was higher than that of negative control group (P＜0. 01), and all hematopoietic parameters were increased statistically significantly (P＜0. 01). Conclusion: Results indicate that in adult mice, BMPs can recover or treat the hematopoietic injury of acute radiation sickness, the mechanism may be related with repairing of hematopoietic injury.