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航海的基本条件是好船,但还需要有好的航海技术。茫茫大海之上,确定方向和船只所在位置是大事。晋代葛洪《抱朴子》中就已讲到,大海之上,观北极星可以确定方向。北宋时候,海上定向是“夜则观星,昼则观日,阴晦则观指南针。”指南针应用于航海,是中国一大发明。元朝时,我国航海家已能根据北极星离地高度确定船只所在的地理纬度,《马可·波罗游记》中有记载。这种技术叫牵星过洋,它与指南针配合,能保障船在海上航行不迷失航向。
The basic conditions of navigation is a good boat, but also requires good navigation technology. Above the vast sea, determining the direction and location of the vessel is a major event. Ge Hong Jin Baopin “already mentioned in the sea, the view of Polaris can determine the direction. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the orientation at sea was ”starry sky at night, day at day, dark cloud at the compass.“ ”Compass used in navigation is one of the great inventions of China. During the Yuan Dynasty, Chinese navigators had been able to determine the geographical latitude of the vessel according to the altitude of Polaris, as recorded in “Travels of Marco Polo”. This technology called Juxiangyang, it complies with the compass, to ensure that the ship sailing at sea without losing its course.