化学预防和早期抗生素治疗的应用使得儿童在获得性和医源性细菌性感染的发生率和严重性大大地降低了。通常在治疗之前对微生物进行诊断需要较长时间,所以多数抗生素的选择是根据患者最可能感染的致病菌、感染的部位、严重性和局部耐药的经验判断来进行抗生素治疗。儿童中需氧菌 The use of chemical prophylaxis and early antibiotic treatment has greatly reduced the incidence and severity of acquired and iatrogenic bacterial infections in children. Often it takes longer to diagnose microorganisms before treatment, so the choice of most antibiotics is based on the patient’s most likely to be infected with pathogens, the location of the infection, the severity and experience of local resistance to antibiotic therapy. Aerobic bacteria in children