虽然培训作为组织和社会功能的一部分已有上千年的历史,但认识到培训并不等同于学习却只是近代的事情,期间人们经历了许多错误和挫折。直到第二次世界大战以后,西方国家才开始正式的工业培训活动。在中国,有组织的工业培训活动开展得还要晚一些。在过去50年间,西方组织和企业的培训费用已稳定增加,估计到1994年,用于正式或在岗培训的费用将达3000亿美元。 培训费用的巨额增长要求管理思想和基本原则应有相应的变化。在过去,培训常常被看成为昂贵且 Although training has been part of the organization and social functions for more than a thousand years, it is recognized that training is not the same as learning but it is only a modern thing, during which people experienced many mistakes and setbacks. It was not until the Second World War that Western countries began formal industrial training activities. In China, organized industrial training activities take place even later. Over the past 50 years, training costs for Western organizations and companies have steadily increased. It is estimated that by 1994, the cost for formal or on-the-job training will reach US$300 billion. The huge increase in training costs requires corresponding changes in management thinking and basic principles. In the past, training was often seen as expensive and