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花粉不育是籼粳杂种F1优势利用的主要障碍之一。包括Sa、Sb和Sc等至少6个基因座位内的等位基因互作会引起花粉不育,这些座位上的中性等位基因可以克服不育性。本文用携带S5n的水稻种质,分别与台中65及其携带花粉不育基因的一套近等基因系杂交,组配具有单个座位互作和多个座位同时互作的杂种F1,首先通过观察杂种F1的花粉育性并比较相应杂种F1育性的差异,初步判断是否具有中性等位基因,然后采用与Sa、Sb和Sc座位紧密连锁的分子标记对F2植株基因型的分离进行检测,并分析其分离比例的符合度,确定存在中性等位基因的真实性。结果发现在所鉴定的6份材料中有2份(灰背子和Madhukar)同时携带San和Sbn,3份(饭毫皮、秕五升和粤泰B)携带Sbn,1份(Jackson)携带Scn。这些材料同时携带可克服杂种F1胚囊不育和花粉不育的基因,是克服籼粳杂种F1不育性的重要基因来源。
Pollen sterility is one of the major obstacles to the utilization of F1 in indica / japonica hybrids. Pollen sterility is caused by the allelic interactions in at least 6 loci including Sa, Sb and Sc, and the neutral alleles in these loci can overcome infertility. In this study, a rice F1 hybrid with single locus and multiple loci at the same time was crossed with a set of near isogenic lines carrying TS5 in Taichung 65 and its pollen-sterility gene respectively. The pollen fertility of hybrid F1 was compared with that of the corresponding F1 hybrids to determine whether there was a neutral allele. Then the molecular markers closely linked to Sa, Sb and Sc were used to detect the F2 genotype. Analyze the coincidence degree of its separation ratio, and confirm the authenticity of the existence of neutral alleles. As a result, two of the six identified materials (Asparagus officinalis and Madhukar) carried San and Sbn simultaneously, Sbn was carried in three (rice bran, five liters and Yue Tai B), and Scn . These materials also carry genes that can overcome the sterility and pollen sterility of F1 embryos in hybrid F1 and are important gene sources to overcome F1 infertility in indica-japonica hybrids.