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damage, destroy, ruin和break都有“破坏、损坏”的意思,但它们表示的损坏程度不同,使用方法也有差别。
damage
一般来说,damage指损坏物品,使其不能正常发挥作用;但被破坏的对象受损程度较小,可以修复。damage还有“给…… 造成负面影响”的意思。
例1Climbing mountains too often can damage your knees.爬山太多会损伤膝关节。
例2Several cars were damaged in the traffic accident. 有好几辆车在交通事故中受损。
例3This scandal is likely to damage his political career. 这桩丑闻有可能对他的政治生涯造成影响。
damage也可以作名词使用,这时常与to sth. 连用。
例4This could cause damage to the country’s economy.这可能对国家经济造成破坏。
destroy
destroy强调受损对象被彻底、剧烈地毁坏,不能修复。destroy既可以指对具体的人或物的破坏,也可以指对抽象事物的破坏,如打破计划、希望,破坏声誉等。
例5The earthquake destroyed the town, killing about 20,000 people. 地震摧毁了这个城镇,造成大约20,000人死亡。
例6Failure was slowly destroying him. 失败渐渐地把他毁了。
例7What he said destroyed our last hope. 他说的话打破了我们最后的希望。
destroy还有“杀死、消灭(危险或病重的动物)”的意思。
例8The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed. 那条狗攻击了一个小孩,所以得把它杀死。
ruin
ruin表示“彻底毁掉(某物的使用价值)”,含有“摧毁美好、珍贵的事物”的意思。与destroy不同的是,ruin所指的彻底毁坏多是长期积累而成的,多用于表示天灾人祸等无形的力量造成的毁坏。但在表示“破坏名誉、声誉”时,ruin 和destroy可以通用。
例9The floods ruined many precious paintings. 这次水灾毁坏了很多珍贵的画。
例10The crops are nearly ruined by the continuous snow. 持续降雪几乎把农作物全毁了。
例11That will ruin/destroy the reputation of our products. 那会破坏我们产品的声誉。
ruin也可以作名词,常用于be/ lie in ruins, go to ruin和 fall into ruin等短语中。
例12Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 多年的战事使这个地区变为一片废墟。
例13His brother had let the farm go to ruin. 他的弟弟使农场走向破败。
break
break指“打碎、打破”,比较口语化。可用于有形的东西,强调“破碎成一片片”,如打破玻璃、打碎瓷器;也可用于无形、抽象的东西,表示“违背、背弃”“使……中断”的意思,如违背法律、改变习惯、打破沉默等。
例14Children were throwing stones and several windows were broken. 孩子们在扔石头,有几扇窗户被打破了。
例15Don’t break the law, or you will be punished. 不要违法,否则你将受到惩罚。
例16She broke the silence by singing. 她用歌声打破了寂静。
【牛刀小试】
1. His hope of being a writer was .
A. destroyed B. damaged C. broke D. ruined
2. Smoking is a difficult habit to .
A. ruin B. destroy C. damage D. break
3. The house has fallen into .
A. destroy B. ruin C. damage D. break
4. The bus was badlywhen it hit the wall.
A. damaged B. ruined C. destroyed D. broken
5. That accident caused muchto my car.
A. ruin B. damage C. break D. destroy
【参考答案】
1. A (“希望的破灭”用destroy表示)
2. D (“改变习惯”用break表示)
3. B (ruin作名词时,有fall into ruin这一固定搭配)
4. A (句意为“公交车撞到墙上,损坏严重”;一般情况下事故造成车辆的损坏是可以修复的,所以用damage)
5. B (damage 表示“可以修复的损害”,这里作名词使用)
damage
一般来说,damage指损坏物品,使其不能正常发挥作用;但被破坏的对象受损程度较小,可以修复。damage还有“给…… 造成负面影响”的意思。
例1Climbing mountains too often can damage your knees.爬山太多会损伤膝关节。
例2Several cars were damaged in the traffic accident. 有好几辆车在交通事故中受损。
例3This scandal is likely to damage his political career. 这桩丑闻有可能对他的政治生涯造成影响。
damage也可以作名词使用,这时常与to sth. 连用。
例4This could cause damage to the country’s economy.这可能对国家经济造成破坏。
destroy
destroy强调受损对象被彻底、剧烈地毁坏,不能修复。destroy既可以指对具体的人或物的破坏,也可以指对抽象事物的破坏,如打破计划、希望,破坏声誉等。
例5The earthquake destroyed the town, killing about 20,000 people. 地震摧毁了这个城镇,造成大约20,000人死亡。
例6Failure was slowly destroying him. 失败渐渐地把他毁了。
例7What he said destroyed our last hope. 他说的话打破了我们最后的希望。
destroy还有“杀死、消灭(危险或病重的动物)”的意思。
例8The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed. 那条狗攻击了一个小孩,所以得把它杀死。
ruin
ruin表示“彻底毁掉(某物的使用价值)”,含有“摧毁美好、珍贵的事物”的意思。与destroy不同的是,ruin所指的彻底毁坏多是长期积累而成的,多用于表示天灾人祸等无形的力量造成的毁坏。但在表示“破坏名誉、声誉”时,ruin 和destroy可以通用。
例9The floods ruined many precious paintings. 这次水灾毁坏了很多珍贵的画。
例10The crops are nearly ruined by the continuous snow. 持续降雪几乎把农作物全毁了。
例11That will ruin/destroy the reputation of our products. 那会破坏我们产品的声誉。
ruin也可以作名词,常用于be/ lie in ruins, go to ruin和 fall into ruin等短语中。
例12Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 多年的战事使这个地区变为一片废墟。
例13His brother had let the farm go to ruin. 他的弟弟使农场走向破败。
break
break指“打碎、打破”,比较口语化。可用于有形的东西,强调“破碎成一片片”,如打破玻璃、打碎瓷器;也可用于无形、抽象的东西,表示“违背、背弃”“使……中断”的意思,如违背法律、改变习惯、打破沉默等。
例14Children were throwing stones and several windows were broken. 孩子们在扔石头,有几扇窗户被打破了。
例15Don’t break the law, or you will be punished. 不要违法,否则你将受到惩罚。
例16She broke the silence by singing. 她用歌声打破了寂静。
【牛刀小试】
1. His hope of being a writer was .
A. destroyed B. damaged C. broke D. ruined
2. Smoking is a difficult habit to .
A. ruin B. destroy C. damage D. break
3. The house has fallen into .
A. destroy B. ruin C. damage D. break
4. The bus was badlywhen it hit the wall.
A. damaged B. ruined C. destroyed D. broken
5. That accident caused muchto my car.
A. ruin B. damage C. break D. destroy
【参考答案】
1. A (“希望的破灭”用destroy表示)
2. D (“改变习惯”用break表示)
3. B (ruin作名词时,有fall into ruin这一固定搭配)
4. A (句意为“公交车撞到墙上,损坏严重”;一般情况下事故造成车辆的损坏是可以修复的,所以用damage)
5. B (damage 表示“可以修复的损害”,这里作名词使用)