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阿多诺是哲学史上少数几位极重视艺术的哲学家之一。他重新确立了艺术的自律性和他律性结合的本质,指出这种双重结合也是艺术的整体精神特质。他还提出现代艺术在启蒙和资本主义社会的重压下发生异变陷入消亡的危机中,它对作为主体的人造成极大的危害。艺术存在不仅有其本质和整体精神特质,同时也有其具体的精神内涵和构成要素:否定性、理想性和严肃性。阿多诺旨在用“艺术否定社会”来探寻一条审美救赎之路,抗拒资本主义社会的同一性和工具理性,实现人性的解放。现代艺术只有挖掘自身的精神力量,高扬否定性、理想性和严肃性的精神,才能摆脱危机、拯救异化社会,才能使自身从“错误的生活”走向“正确的生活”。在当代艺术呈现出光怪陆离的多元化格局的情况下,阿多诺的艺术精神论为艺术的健康发展提供了有益的参考。
Adorno is one of the few philosophers in the history of philosophy who values art. He re-established the nature of artistic self-discipline and his combination with the law. He pointed out that this dual combination is also the overall spirit of art. He also put forward the crisis of modern art being transformed into extinction under the pressure of enlightenment and capitalist society, which has caused great harms to those who are the subject. The existence of art not only has its essence and overall spiritual characteristics, but also has its specific spiritual connotation and its components: negative, ideal and serious. Adorno aims to explore the path of aesthetic salvation by “art denying society”, resist the identity and instrumental rationality of capitalist society and realize the liberation of human nature. Only by excavating its own spiritual strength, holding high the negative, idealistic and serious spirit can the modern art get rid of the crisis and save the alienated society so that it can move itself from the wrong life to the correct life. With contemporary art showing a bizarre and diverse pattern, Adorno’s art spirit theory provides a useful reference for the healthy development of art.