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批评史上一般认为,直接提出“文学性”概念的是俄国形式主义者雅可布森(Roman Jalkobson)。此后,“文学性”成为20世纪西方文学研究最核心的理论术语和研究对象。英美新批评,法国结构主义、解构主义等先后形成与俄国形式有所差异的“文学性”概念。无论其间存在着什么样的差异,它们都将“文学”看成一个特殊的“艺术”门类,并进而力图从语言学、符号学角度推导“文学”作为一门“艺术”形态的独特的“审美”性质,在这一点,它们殊途同归。“文学性”概念的出现是文艺学审美主义视野必然的逻辑后果。自鲍姆嘉通明确提出“美学”概念以后,康德以前所
Criticism Historically, it was generally believed that the Russian formalist Roman Jalkobson was the direct proponent of the “literary nature.” Since then, “literary ” has become the core theoretical terminology and research object of the study of Western literature in the 20th century. The new criticism from Britain and the United States, the French structuralism and deconstructionism have successively formed the concept of “literaryness” that is different from the Russian form. Regardless of the differences between them, they regard “literature” as a special category of “art”, and then try to deduce “literature ” as linguistics and semiology. Artistic “form of the unique” aesthetic “nature, at this point, they go their separate ways. The emergence of the concept of ”literary nature“ is the inevitable logical consequence of the aestheticism of literary studies. Since Kumoto explicitly put forward the concept of ”aesthetics," Kant used to be