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社会主义初级阶段的林业商品经济,是物质生产发展和社会经济运动在特定阶段上的产物。必须从国情林情出发,从生产力要素的组合。构成和社会经济运动的深层去把握它的特征,按照这一基本观点、我们可以看到社会主义初级阶段林业商品经济的下列特征(1)生产手段的二元反差将长期存在。在营林生产中,落后的生产手段在相当长时期内不会有大的改变,如林木良种主要靠引进和自然选择获得,造林主要靠锄头挖坑植树、点播以及自然更新等方式进行,抚育管理以人力松土、间伐为主要内容,林木生长主要依赖自然力的作用等等。而林产品的物理、化学加工则有希望跟上现代科学技术发展的步伐,如成套生产线技术、现代装饰技术等将会普遍应用,机械化、自动化水平将达到较高的程度。生产手段上的二元反差,使得木材加工能力急剧增长,人们对林产品的需求迅速膨胀,而林木资源却只能以缓慢的速度恢复发展,导致木材及主要林产品供求矛盾不断扩大。在整个社会主义初级阶段,很难抑制这对矛盾的继续扩大,发展生产和抑制消费就成了林业在这一特定历史阶段的基本任务。
The commodity economy of forestry in the primary stage of socialism is the product of the development of material production and social economic movement at a specific stage. Must start from the national conditions, from the combination of productive forces. Composition and socio-economic movement to grasp its characteristics, according to this basic point of view, we can see the following characteristics of the commodity economy in the primary stage of socialism. (1) The dual contrast of means of production will exist for a long time. In the production of silviculture, backward means of production will not change greatly for a long time. For example, tree seed is mainly obtained through introduction and natural selection. Afforestation mainly relies on hoe digging and tree planting, on-demand and natural renewal, etc. Man-made soil management, thinning as the main content, the main dependence of tree growth on the role of natural forces and so on. The physical and chemical processing of forest products are promising to keep pace with the development of modern science and technology, such as complete production line technology and modern decoration technology, which will be widely applied. The level of mechanization and automation will reach a higher level. The dual contrast in means of production has led to a sharp increase in the processing power of wood and the rapid expansion of demand for forest products. However, the resources for forests and woods have only recovered at a slow pace, resulting in an ever-increasing contradiction between supply and demand of timber and major forest products. In the initial stage of socialism, it is difficult to suppress the continued expansion of this contradiction. To develop production and curb consumption has become the fundamental task for forestry at this particular historical stage.