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以豫玉22为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设置2种遮光处理和3个氮肥水平,研究光、氮及其互作对玉米光合特性和物质生产的影响。结果表明,相对于不遮光处理,抽雄前3 d开始遮光、吐丝后10 d恢复自然光照处理玉米叶片光合速率和叶绿素a含量下降,叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量升高,胞间CO2浓度上升;成熟期不施肥、施肥120、240 kg/hm2的干物质积累量分别降低33.66%、31.69%、24.84%,产量分别降低52.50%、49.10%、40.92%。抽雄前3 d开始遮光、吐丝后10 d恢复自然光照处理,随施氮量的增加,叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量以及光合速率均显著上升,成熟期施肥240 kg/hm2处理干物质积累量分别比不施肥、施肥120 kg/hm2增加42.45%、17.39%,产量分别增加59.93%、22.24%。弱光胁迫条件下增施氮肥可以改善玉米的光合特性,增加玉米干物质积累量,减少玉米产量损失。
Taking Yuyu 22 as experimental material, pot experiments were conducted to determine the effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on the photosynthetic characteristics and material production of maize. Two shading treatments and three nitrogen fertilization treatments were set up. The results showed that shading began 3 days before tasselling and photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a content of maize leaves returned to natural light at 10 days after silking, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content increased and intercellular CO2 concentration increased. At maturity, the dry matter accumulation of 120 and 240 kg / hm2 were reduced by 33.66%, 31.69% and 24.84% respectively, and the yields were reduced by 52.50%, 49.10% and 40.92% respectively. The photosynthetic rate of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate of leaves increased significantly at the 10th day after silking stage, and the rate of photosynthesis increased significantly at the 10th day after silking stage. The fertilization at maturity was 240 kg / hm2 Compared with no fertilization, the dry matter accumulation increased by 42.45% and 17.39%, respectively, and the yield increased by 59.93% and 22.24% respectively over 120 kg / hm2. Under low light stress, nitrogen application could improve the photosynthetic characteristics of maize, increase the dry matter accumulation of maize and reduce the yield loss of maize.