“虚实相生”是中国画的传统技法,也是古诗词常用的表现手法。诗词中的“虚”,指诗人通过感觉、联想或想象而虚拟出的,看不见,摸不着,却又能在字里行间体味出的那些虚像和空灵境界,也即心中之景、可想之景;“实”,是指诗人描写的客观世界中存在的实像、实事、实境,也即眼前之景、可观之景。虚与实往往是相对的,虚实相生可以使作品结构更为紧凑,形象更加鲜明。主要表现为:一、追忆已经消逝或虚幻的人事物景诗人常借助这些虚无的境界来反衬现实,即以虚象 “Comparison between reality and reality” is the traditional technique of Chinese painting and it is also a common expression technique of ancient poetry. The “virtual” in poetry refers to the virtual image and the ethereal realm that the poet virtualized through the senses, association, or imagination, can’t see or touch, but can also interpret in the characters, that is, the view in the heart and the imaginable scene. “Real” refers to the real images, facts, and realities existing in the objective world described by the poet. Virtual reality is often relative. Virtual reality can make the structure of the work more compact and more vivid. The main expressions are: First, reminisce people’s things that have disappeared or become illusory. The poet often uses these empty realms to contrast reality with virtual reality.