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多变小冠花(Coronilla varia L.)为豆科小冠花属(Coronilla)半蔓生性多年生牧草。它抗寒、抗旱、耐热再生性好,繁殖力高、复盖度大、营养成分好。对反刍家畜的营养价值与消化率(78％)不低於紫花苜蓿(71％)。此外还可以护坡、保持水土,以及作绿肥、观赏用。多变小冠花全生育期110—145天,生长期210—245天。一年内可出现两次生长苗,第一次幼苗在3月下旬出土,盛花期时地面又长出第二次幼苗。气温在零下20.8℃和36.4℃时植株能安全越冬越夏,生长最适温度为20—23℃。在太谷3月下旬返青,5月下旬开花,7月下旬种子成熟。花期长,8月份以后开的花不能结实成熟,花荚脱落严重。11月底到12月中地上部分枯萎,青草期长。 5月下旬到6月中旬生长最快,平均日增长1.95厘米。6月上旬和8月下旬生长强度最高。开花前株高60厘米左右时,叶量最多,以后落叶严重。第一次刈割应在5月下旬开始,太谷一年可刈割3—4次。亩产鲜草0.8—1万斤或更高。草丛最高可达135厘米。多变小冠花根分五级,根系主要由第3、4级组成,一平方米根重3.34斤(折每亩2226.6斤),地上部是地下部的6.14倍。根蘖芽发达,凡侧根所到之处均可长出新根。根瘤繁多,可以增加土壤有机质和氮素营养。多变小冠花含有多种有毒物质,它们对反刍家畜无害。其中所含β-硝基丙酸对单胃家畜有严重毒害,但鲜草不超过日粮三分之一或全部用半干草(含水量42％)喂家兔,生长发育正常。对单胃家畜应注意饲喂方法。目前我国引种的多变小冠花形态特性不一,青草和种子产量悬殊,应根据种植目的进行品种整理和筛选。
Coronilla varia L. is a semi-invasive perennial herbage of the genus Coronilla. It is cold, drought, heat regeneration, fertility, coverage, good nutrition. The nutritive value and digestibility of ruminant livestock (78%) are not less than that of alfalfa (71%). In addition, you can slope protection, to maintain soil and water, as well as green manure, ornamental use. Variety of small crown of the whole growth period of 110-145 days, the growth period of 210-245 days. Within one year there may be two growing seedlings, the first seedlings unearthed in late March, when the full bloom flowering the second seedling. When the temperature is minus 20.8 ℃ and 36.4 ℃, the plant can safely overwinter and summer, and the optimum growth temperature is 20-23 ℃. Returning to the green in late March in Taigu and blooming in late May, the seeds mature in late July. Flowering long, open in August after the flower can not mature, flower pods shedding serious. From the end of November to mid-December, the ground has withered and the grass grows long. In late May to mid-June the fastest growth, the average daily growth of 1.95 cm. The highest growth intensity occurred in early June and late August. Plant height before flowering about 60 cm, the largest amount of leaves, after deciduous. The first mowing should begin in late May and Taigu mowing 3-4 times a year. Grasses 0.8-1 kg per mu or more. Grass up to 135 cm. Variety of small corolla root five, root mainly by the third and fourth levels, a square root weight 3.34 kg (fold 2226.6 pounds per acre), the ground above the ground is 6.14 times. Root tiller bud developed, where the roots can grow anywhere new roots. Nodules many, can increase soil organic matter and nitrogen nutrition. Variety Corolla contains a variety of toxic substances, which are not harmful to ruminants. Among them, β-nitropropionic acid has serious toxicity to monogastric livestock, but fresh grass does not exceed 1/3 of the diet or all rabbits are fed with semi-hay (water content 42%), and the growth and development are normal. Monogastric livestock should pay attention to feeding methods. At present, the morphological characteristics of the evergreen small-crown corolla introduced in China are different. The yield of grass and seeds is very poor. The varieties should be sorted and screened according to the planting purposes.