由于时代局限等原因,马克思的劳动二重性学说和“商品价值实体论”皆不成立,这是马克思经济学的重要理论缺憾。但是,由它们生成的商品价值二重性和商品价值规律等却是正确的,构成了马克思经济学的科学基石。本文在阐述马克思这些缺憾的同时,重点讨论了两个问题:其一,作为一流智者的马克思,何以会出现一些“不可理喻的错误”;其二,存在理论缺憾的马克思经济学为什么依然属于社会科学,而西方经济学却不具有社会科学属性。由此得出应历史主义地看待马克思劳动价值论缺憾的结论。 Due to the limitations of the times and other reasons, Marx’s dualism of labor theory and the “theory of the real value of the commodity” are not established, which is an important theoretical defect in Marx’s economics. However, the duality of commodity value and the law of commodity value generated by them are correct and form the scientific foundation of Marxist economics. This article elaborates these shortcomings of Marx while focusing on two issues: First, why Marxism as a first-rate wise man will have some “unreasonable mistakes”; secondly, why does Marxist economics with theoretical defects still exist? Belong to the social sciences, but western economics does not have the social sciences attribute. From this we can conclude that the Marxist labor value theory should be viewed historically.