轮状病毒(RV)是引起婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的主要病原体之一，RV感染宿主细胞主要依赖于病毒识别细胞表面的特异性受体并与其发生结合，因此，受体是病毒感染细胞的重要因素。近年研究发现，组织血型抗原(HBGAs)可以作为RV的结合受体被病毒蛋白VP8识别。该领域的研究不仅部分揭示HBGAs在RV感染、进化中的重要作用，也提示了不同个体对RV易感性的差异，而且对于探索RV感染的发病机制、流行病学规律和防治措施具有重要意义。文章分析RV感染与HBGAs的相关性以进一步探讨最佳疫苗的研发。“,”Rotavirus (RV) is one of the major pathogens responsible for acute viral gastro-enteritis in children. The infec-tion of RV is dependent upon the recognition of the host cell speciifc receptors and attachment. Thus, receptors are the important factors of infection. Recent studies have suggested that a genetic factor might play a role in the susceptibility of hosts to RV infec-tion. Histo-blood group antigens have recently been discovered as receptors binding to RV, which are important for the study of evolution. Thus it will be also crucial for the pathogenesis and epidemiology and prevention and treatment for RV. In this article, we will review the correlation of the RV infection and histo-blood group antigens and further discuss the development of optimal vaccine.