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19世纪中叶以下,在上海美术界,所谓的“海上画派”具有突出的商业性特征,对西画东渐则仍未做出整体性的回应。早期的海派画家大多来自于社会中下层,参与中国近代美术教育者并不多。近代美术教育开展之初,生存环境异常艰难,美术既未得到普通社会的足够重视,学校也缺乏生源,因争夺生源而发生矛盾。20世纪20年代,近代中国美术教育迎来了两个主要发展契机,一是五四前后社会观念风气的转变,使西方美学和美术的社会地位得到很大提高;二是大量留学生回国从事美术教育,在人事上成为先进和主力,并使近代中国美术教育的实际水平大为提高。而美术教育者社会地位与影响力的提高,也吸引了更多知识分子投身于此。蔡元培提倡美育具有深远的社会意义,美育地位在制度层面的确立,对艺术教育领域的发展产生了极大的积极影响,使以上海美专为代表的许多近代美术教育机构在社会知名度和社会地位上得到了很大的提升。在五四时期讲求科学和民主的激进语境下,带着科学标签、以西方美术为主要教学内容的近代美术教育遂也被贴上了救亡图存的标签。20世纪20年代,大量归来的留学生进入美术教育领域,一是实际大大提升了中国美术教育的水平,二是对知识分子群体职业道路的选择起到了相当的表率作用。知识分子群体大规模进入美术教育领域也导致了20世纪30年代以后中国美术公共领域在各个方面呈现出总体活跃的风貌。
In the middle of the 19th century, in the art world of Shanghai, the so-called “sea painting school” has prominent commercial characteristics and has yet to make a holistic response to the introduction of western painting. Most of the early Shanghai painters come from the middle and lower classes in society, and there are not many artists participating in modern Chinese art education. At the beginning of the early days of art education in our country, the living environment was extremely difficult. The fine arts did not pay enough attention to the ordinary society. The schools also lacked the students’ resources and contradicted the competition for the students. In the 1920s, two major development opportunities came of the art education in modern China. One was the change of social ideology around the May Fourth Movement, which greatly improved the social status of western aesthetics and fine arts. The second was the large number of returning students who returned to China to engage in art education , Became an advanced and dominant force in personnel affairs, and greatly improved the actual level of modern Chinese art education. The rise of social status and influence of art educators has also attracted more intellectuals to join here. Cai Yuanpei advocated that aesthetic education has far-reaching social significance. The establishment of aesthetic status at the institutional level has a tremendous positive impact on the development of arts education. Many of the modern art education institutions represented by Shanghai-American Special Education Department make social awareness and social status Got a lot of improvement. In the radical context of the May Fourth period emphasizing science and democracy, modern art education with scientific labeling and western art as the main teaching content has also been labeled as the symbol of saving the nation. In the 1920s, a large number of returned overseas students entered the field of art education. First, they actually greatly enhanced the level of art education in China. Second, they played an exemplary role in the choice of career paths for intellectuals. The large-scale accession of intellectuals to the field of art education also led to the overall active performance of the Chinese public art field in various aspects after the 1930s.