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目的探讨荒漠型大沙鼠鼠疫疫源地的疫区处理方法。方法采用磷化铝灭鼠灭蚤技术、烟雾弹灭鼠灭蚤技术、灭蚤粉灭蚤技术和热烟雾机喷雾灭蚤技术,在准噶尔荒漠鼠疫疫区进行对比实验研究。结果(1)磷化铝灭鼠的校正灭洞率为23%;(2)在烟雾弹、灭蚤粉和热烟雾3种灭蚤技术中,大沙鼠体外寄生蚤的灭效效果为3 d内烟雾弹为60.4%,灭蚤粉为86.1%,热烟雾为100%;1个月烟雾弹为45.5%,灭蚤粉为20%,热烟雾为78.6%;3个月烟雾弹为0,灭蚤粉为17.3%,热烟雾为29.1%。洞干蚤灭蚤效果为3 d内烟雾弹和热烟雾均为100%,灭蚤粉为90.9%;1个月烟雾弹和热烟雾也均为100%,灭蚤粉为80%;3个月3种方法均无明显的洞干蚤灭蚤效果,烟雾弹为0,灭蚤粉为50%,热烟雾为25%。(3)1 d处理1 hm2的成本,磷化铝熏蒸法为1 376元,烟雾弹熏蒸法为1 568元,喷洒灭蚤粉为2 516元,热烟雾喷雾为680元,由上述结果可见。结论磷化铝熏蒸灭鼠灭蚤技术虽然在其他类型的鼠疫疫源地灭鼠灭蚤效果较好,但在荒漠型大沙鼠疫源地的效果并理想。热烟雾机喷雾杀虫烟雾技术是荒漠地区大沙鼠疫源地的实施灭蚤处理的较为适合的方法,且成本低廉。
Objective To investigate the treatment methods of epidemic area of plague foci in desert type. Methods A comparative experiment was carried out in the Zungar desert plague epidemic area using the technique of aluminum phosphide rodenticidal and flea control, smoke and fumigation flea control, flea flea flea flea control technology and thermal fog sprayer flea flea technology. Results (1) The corrected hole-elimination rate of aluminum phosphide rodent control was 23%. (2) In the three kinds of flea-killing technologies of smoke bomb, flea and hot smoke, The smoke bomblets were 60.4% for d, 86.1% for flea powder and 100% for hot smoke; 45.5% for one month smoke smoke, 20% for flea powder and 78.6% for hot smoke; for 3 months smoke bomb was 0 17.3% for flea powder and 29.1% for hot smoke. The dry flea flea flea flea effect within 3 d, the smoke bomb and hot smoke are 100%, flea powder 90.9%; 1 month smoke and hot smoke are also 100%, flea powder 80%; 3 Month three methods have no obvious flea flea dry flea effect, smoke bomb 0, flea powder 50%, 25% of the hot smoke. (3) The cost of 1 hm2 treatment for 1 day was 1,376 yuan for the aluminum phosphide fumigation method, 1,586 yuan for the smog fumigation method, 2,516 yuan for the spraying flea flea and 680 yuan for the hot smog spray, as can be seen from the above results . Conclusion Although the fumigated rodent and flea control technology of aluminum phosphide has a good effect in killing flies and killing fleas in other types of plague foci, its effect in the desert-type gerbil foci is satisfactory. Hot smoke machine spray insecticidal smoke technology is a suitable method for the implementation of flea management in the desert areas of the Great Plaguefield, and the cost is low.