论文部分内容阅读
在模拟降雨和自然降雨条件下研究长期(6年)定位耕作措施对豫西旱区坡耕地水分保持、土壤流失以及冬小麦产量的影响。耕作措施包括少耕、免耕覆盖、深松覆盖和常规耕作。田间模拟降雨试验用来测定不同耕作措施对径流和土壤流失的影响,自然降雨小区主要用来验证模拟试验结果,同时测定不同耕作措施对冬小麦产量的影响。模拟试验结果表明:不同耕作措施下的土壤饱和导水率没有明显差异,雨前土壤含水量和降雨强度均显著影响地表径流。在试验条件下,免耕覆盖处理未产生径流和土壤流失,水土保持效果最好。与常规耕作比较,深松覆盖处理分别减少径流和土壤流失50%和90%。尽管少耕可以有效降低土壤流失,但其产生的径流量和常规耕作相近。在自然降雨条件下,免耕覆盖和深松覆盖的水土保持效果从第3年开始显著。深松覆盖在任何年型均能够显著提高冬小麦的产量。相比较常规耕作,深松覆盖平均增产9.4%。免耕覆盖除丰水年也能显著提高冬小麦产量,但增产效果不如深松覆盖显著。少耕无明显增产效果。由于产量对农民来说是评判一个耕作措施效果的重要依据,同时考虑到深松覆盖显著的水土保持效果,我们认为深松覆盖是适合当地旱作农业的一个有效耕作措施。
Effects of long-term (6 years) site-specific tillage practices on water conservation, soil erosion and winter wheat yield in sloping farmlands of the western region of the western region of Henan Province were studied under simulated rainfall and natural rainfall conditions. Tillage practices include tillage, no-tillage cover, subsoiling cover and conventional farming. The field simulated rainfall test was used to determine the effects of different tillage measures on runoff and soil loss. The natural rainfall plot was mainly used to verify the simulation results and to determine the effects of different tillage measures on the yield of winter wheat. The simulation results show that there is no significant difference in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity under different tillage measures, and both the soil moisture content and rainfall intensity before rainfall have a significant impact on surface runoff. Under the experimental conditions, no-tillage treatment resulted in no runoff and soil loss, and the soil and water conservation effect was the best. Compared with conventional tillage, submerged pine cover treatments reduced runoff and soil loss by 50% and 90% respectively. Although less tillage can effectively reduce soil erosion, it produces similar runoff and conventional tillage. Under the condition of natural rainfall, the soil and water conservation effects of no-tillage and deep-subsidence covered significantly from the third year. Subsoiling can significantly increase the yield of winter wheat in any year type. Compared with conventional farming, deep pine covers an average increase of 9.4%. No-tillage coverage in addition to wet years can significantly increase winter wheat production, but the yield-increasing effect is not as deep-covered pine significantly. Less plowing no significant increase in production. Since yield is an important basis for farmers to evaluate the effect of a tillage, taking into account the obvious soil and water conservation effects of subsoiling, we believe that subsoiling is an effective tillage for local dry farming.