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从木质素出发制备芳烃及其衍生物,是一条不依赖石油资源制备芳烃的技术路线。然而由木质素制备得到的生物油中含有大量的含氧化合物,包括酚、醚、酮、醛、醇、酸和酯等。由于大量含氧基团的存在,虽然燃烧时不会给环境带来污染,但油品品质显著降低,如低热值、化学不稳定性、粘度大和对设备腐蚀等,严重阻碍了其作为汽柴油替代燃料的广泛应用,必须对其进行脱氧精制。催化加氢脱氧(HDO)因具有绿色化的化学反应,较高的原子经济性,被认为是一种行之有效的针对生物油进行脱氧精致的方法。但由于木质素衍生物中酚羟基、醚键中的氧与苯环直接相连,断裂此类C-O键所需的活化能较高,难以脱除,催化加氢脱氧技术难度被认为大于加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮。因而,开发一种高效加氢脱氧催化剂就显得尤为重要了。经过大量的实验与尝试,我们发现耐水铌酸催化剂是可以用于未来工业化生产的突破方向之一。
The preparation of aromatics and their derivatives starting from lignin is a technical route that does not rely on petroleum resources to prepare aromatics. However, bio-oil prepared from lignin contains a large amount of oxygenated compounds including phenols, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, acids and esters. Due to the presence of a large number of oxygen-containing groups, although the combustion will not cause pollution to the environment, but significantly reduce the quality of oil products, such as low calorific value, chemical instability, viscosity and corrosion of equipment, a serious obstacle to its gasoline and diesel Alternative fuels are widely used and must be deoxidized. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is considered to be an effective method of deoxidizing bio-oil because of its green chemical reaction and high atomic economy. However, since the phenolic hydroxyl groups in the lignin derivatives and the oxygen in the ether bond are directly linked to the benzene ring, the activation energy needed to break such CO bonds is high and it is difficult to remove them. The difficulty of catalytic hydrodeoxygenation is considered to be greater than that of the hydrodesulfurization And hydrodenitrogenation. Therefore, the development of a highly efficient hydrodeoxygenation catalyst is particularly important. After extensive experimentation and experimentation, we have found that a water-resistant niobic acid catalyst is one of the breakthrough directions that can be used in future industrialized production.