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当今发展中国家一般都患有农村人口过早过快转移引起大城市人口恶性膨胀造成的“城市病”(陈吉元等,1993年)和由大量的剩余劳动力长期滞留农村引发的“农村病”。根治“农村病”,防治“城市病”,是发展中国家由二元经济结构向现代化经济过渡必须解决的重大课题。我国是人口众多的农业大国,实现此项任务尤为艰巨。改革开放以来,乡镇企业的崛起,用“离土不离乡”的方式,为治理“农村病”、防治“城市病”,开出了一剂良方。然而,“农村病”至今仍待进一步治理。本文主要是探讨由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制过渡时期的农村过剩人口转移的若干理论问题。
Today’s developing countries are generally suffering from “urban diseases” caused by the vicious population expansion in the big cities due to premature over-migration of the rural population (Chen Jiyuan et al., 1993) and “rural disease” caused by prolonged stranded rural labor by surplus labor. . To cure “rural disease” and prevent and cure “urban disease” is a major issue that must be solved in developing countries from a dual economic structure to a modern economic transition. My country is a populous country with a large population. To achieve this task, it is particularly arduous. Since the reform and opening up, the rise of township and village enterprises, with the “departure from home” way, for the treatment of “rural disease”, prevention and treatment of “urban disease” out of a prescription. However, “rural disease” still needs further treatment so far. This paper mainly discusses some theoretical issues on the transfer of rural surplus population from the planned economy to the socialist market economy.