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一、简介在客车车体的设计中,在动力和静力方面,车底架都是一个重要部分。底架车顶和侧墙同为筒形车体的主要组成部分,而底架构成筒形车体的底部。由于采用了合理设计,特别是使用了有纵向波纹的地板,现在已有可能利用整个底架来承担应力。由于作用于铁路客车的应力,其方向和大小都变化很大,对于轻型结构客车来说,选择一个最合理的重心位置是极其重要的,如仅就垂直静载荷来说,一个没有承载地板的横断面应该是可取的(图1的左图),因为重心或多或少与本体断面几何中心相一致,然而有承载的地板就必须作成相当厚,结果使重心降低了,就垂直载荷来说,重心这样的降低是不利的;
I. Introduction In the design of passenger car body, in the power and static aspects, the car chassis is an important part. The chassis roof and side walls are the main components of a tubular body that forms the bottom of a cylindrical body. Thanks to the rational design, in particular the use of longitudinally corrugated floors, it is now possible to use the entire chassis for stress. Since the stress acting on the railway passenger car varies greatly in direction and size, it is of paramount importance for a light-duty passenger car to choose the most suitable center of gravity. For example, in the case of a vertical static load, an unloaded floor The cross-section should be advisable (left in Figure 1) because the center of gravity is more or less consistent with the geometric center of the body cross-section, however, the loaded floor must be made rather thick with the result that the center of gravity is reduced, in the case of vertical loads , Such a decrease in center of gravity is unfavorable;