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运用商丘地区8个农业气象观测站及气象试验站1971~2010年逐日日照时数、温度和降水量观测值,构建了玉米光照、温度、降水及综合气候适宜度计算模型,对1971~2010年玉米全生育期及各主要生育阶段的气候适宜度与综合气候适宜度动态变化进行分析。结果表明:玉米全生育期温度、光照、降水及综合气候适宜度平均值分别为0.507、0.587、0.545及0.541;玉米生育期内光照适宜度较好,降水适宜度次之,温度适宜度最差,温度是限制玉米生长发育的主要气候因子。近40 a以来,温度适宜度以0.003/10a线性趋势下降,光照适宜度以0.049/10a线性趋势下降,降水适宜度以0.006/10a线性趋势下降。气候因子匹配效果较差,对玉米的生长不利。降水和温度是影响玉米播种及出苗的主要气候因子,播种-出苗期气候因子综合匹配效果较差。温度的明显升高及夏秋两季日照时数降低幅度较大,导致玉米出苗-拔节期对各气候因子的适宜性较差。玉米拔节-抽穗期降水和温度的适宜性较高,降水和温度的有效匹配有利于玉米的拔节及抽穗。抽穗-乳熟期温度、光照和降水组合效果趋好,有利于玉米干物质量的积累;乳熟-成熟期光照适宜性较强,温度和降水适宜性较差,综合气候适宜性变差。
Based on the daily sunshine hours, temperature and precipitation observation data of 8 agricultural meteorological stations and meteorological stations in Shangqiu area from 1971 to 2010, a mathematical model of maize illumination, temperature, precipitation and comprehensive climate suitability was constructed. From 1971 to 2010 The dynamic changes of climate suitability and comprehensive climate suitability during the whole growth period and the main growth stages of maize were analyzed. The results showed that the average temperature, light, precipitation and general climate suitability during the whole growth period of maize were 0.507, 0.587, 0.545 and 0.541, respectively. During the growth period of maize, the light suitability was better, the precipitation suitability was the second, and the temperature was the worst , Temperature is the main climatic factor that limits the growth and development of corn. Since the last 40 years, the temperature suitability decreased with a linear trend of 0.003 / 10a, the suitability of light decreased linearly with a rate of 0.049 / 10a, and a decrease of 0.006 / 10a with linear trend of precipitation fitness. Climatic factors are less effective at matching maize growth. Precipitation and temperature are the main climatic factors that affect the sowing and emergence of maize. The comprehensive matching of seeding-emergence climatic factors is poor. Significantly increased temperature and sunshine duration in summer and autumn decreased greatly, resulting in maize emergence - jointing poor suitability for various climatic factors. Corn jointing - heading stage of precipitation and temperature more suitable, precipitation and temperature is conducive to the effective matching of corn jointing and heading. The combination of heading, milking temperature, light and precipitation tended to be better, which was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter in maize. The littoral-maturing period had a better suitability for illumination, less suitability for temperature and precipitation, and worsened the suitability of integrated climate.