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新常态下城市二元结构问题在发生新的变化,城市户籍人口和流动人口之间的收入差别已经逐步转换为二者各自的收入差别。本文用CHIP数据,通过Mincer方程对收入差别进行了因素分析。均值回归发现,户籍人口和流动人口的收入效应虽然有共性,但也存在诸多差异。分位数回归进一步发现,对于不同的收入阶层,户籍人口的教育收益率具有收入再分配效应,而流动人口的教育收益率具有显著的马太效应。为了解决城市二元结构中的收入差别问题,应从教育方面提升全民受教育程度,加强对流动人口中低收入人群的教育扶持力度和强制性要求;从行业方面进一步打破市场壁垒,减少行业限制;促进人口自由流动和放松流动人口落户政策。
Under the new normal, urban dual structure problems are undergoing new changes. The income difference between urban hukou and floating population has been gradually transformed into their respective income differences. In this paper, CHIP data, through the Mincer equation for income differences were analyzed. The mean regression shows that though the income effect of the household population and the floating population is common, there are also many differences. The quantile regression further found that, for different income groups, the rate of return to education of the household population has the effect of income redistribution, whereas that of the migrant population has a significant Matthew effect. In order to solve the problem of income inequality in the urban dual structure, we should improve education level of all people, strengthen education support and mandatory requirements for low-income groups among floating population, further break down market barriers and reduce industry restrictions from the industry, Promote the free flow of population and ease the resettlement of migrants.