半个多世纪以来已认识到:溶质(如盐分或肥料)的存在能影响土壤中水的移动(明茨和高德雄,1909年)。在这半个多世纪中,关于支配这种现象的基本物理过程的全面理解,只得到很少进展。主要的原因是:缺乏能够建立完善理论模式的可靠试验资料。 For more than half a century, it has been recognized that the presence of solutes (such as salt or fertilizer) can affect the movement of water in the soil (Mintz and Goodexon, 1909). For more than half a century, little progress has been made in a comprehensive understanding of the basic physical processes that dominate this phenomenon. The main reason is: the lack of reliable experimental data to establish a sound theoretical model.