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本文分析了法国、德国、意大利、荷兰和英国的非专利药品市场。这项研究调查了专利、批准上市、定价和补偿、开处方和分配等影响制药的主要因素。 5国差别很大。因为欧洲一体化、专利法和批准程序对非专利药品发展的影响并不大。在欧盟法律生效以前 ,国家专利保护法起作用。批准程序不同主要是出于习惯不同 ,而不是规则本身。没有一个国家有一个有效的公布专利失效的公共信息系统 ,非专利药品在有更多弹性价格政策的国家比较成功 ,补偿制也没有对非专利药品和专利药品区别对待。财政激励更多建立在医生开药行为而不是药师身上。药房所有权的自由和通过不同渠道分配药品的一系列可能性引人注目地影响非专利药品的市场结构。批发商和零售商的自由市场通过分配链上水平和垂直的整合来促进市场竞争性。通过委托强大购买力给经销商刺激了无商标非专利药品的成功
This article analyzes the generic drug markets in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The study examined the main factors affecting pharmaceuticals such as patents, approvals of listing, pricing and compensation, prescribing and dispensing. 5 countries vary widely. Because of European integration, the impact of patent law and approval procedures on the development of generic drugs is not significant. Prior to the entry into force of EU law, national patent protection laws worked. The different approval procedures are mainly based on different habits, not the rules themselves. None of the countries have an effective public information system for the publication of patent failures. Generic medicines are more successful in countries with more flexible pricing policies and the compensation system does not discriminate between generic drugs and patented drugs. Financial incentives are more based on doctors prescribing rather than pharmacists. The range of possibilities for the freedom of pharmacy ownership and the distribution of medicines through different channels have a dramatic impact on the market structure of generic medicines. The free market for wholesalers and retailers promotes market competitiveness through the horizontal and vertical integration of the distribution chain. By delegating strong purchasing power to dealers to stimulate the success of non-generic generic drugs