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X染色体失活的发现已有25年之久。但现在对X染色体基因的本质和位置,特别是对X连锁基因表达调控的研究仍然不断提供新见解和新思想,而且对整个基因表达调控的研究也具有普遍意义。X连锁基因的鉴别及其位置根据Ohno法则,已经能够做到对人和鼠两个物种的X染色体上的同源位点的分布进行比较研究。在人类从X染色体着丝粒到长臂中间区(Xq22)的一组基因位点和小鼠D-F1带的基因位点的排列形式相似,但人的Hprt和G6PD位点在这组基因的远侧端,位于Xq26-q28带内,这与鼠的位置是相反的,这提示可能是倒位所致。此外鼠X染色
The discovery of inactivation of the X chromosome has been 25 years old. But now the nature and location of the X chromosome gene, especially the research on the regulation of the expression of X-linked genes continue to provide new insights and new ideas, but also the study of the entire gene expression regulation is also of universal significance. Identification and location of X-linked genes According to Ohno’s rule, it has been possible to compare the distribution of homologous loci on the X chromosome between human and mouse species. In the human genome from the X chromosome centromere to the long arm middle region (Xq22) and the mouse D-F1 band gene locus are similar, human Hprt and G6PD sites are in this group of genes. The distal end, located in the Xq26-q28 band, is opposite to the mouse’s position, which may be due to inversion. In addition to mouse X staining