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所谓精神损害赔偿制度,是指自然人因人身权受到不法侵害,致使其人格和身份利益受到损害或遭受精神痛苦,受害者本人或者死者近亲属要求侵权人通过财产赔偿的方法进行救济和保护的民事法律制度。这里所说的精神损害,既包括积极的精神损害即精神痛苦,如愤怒、恐惧、沮丧、抑郁、绝望等,也包括消极的精神损害即知觉与思维的丧失,如身体受到伤害,导致不能感受欢乐、痛苦等情绪的植物人状态。作为民法重要组成部分的精神损害赔偿制度最初萌芽于古罗马,及至近代,逐步成熟并以法典形式固定下来,如《德国民法典》《瑞士民法典》等法典中都包含有精神损害赔偿制度的内容。
The so-called mental damage compensation system means that natural persons are subject to unlawful infringement of their personal rights, causing their personalities and identity interests to be impaired or subjected to mental pain. The victims themselves or close relatives of the deceased require the infringer to provide relief and protection through property compensation methods. system. The spiritual damages mentioned here include both active mental damages, ie, mental pains such as anger, fear, depression, depression, despair, and so on, as well as negative mental impairments, ie loss of consciousness and thinking, such as physical harm, resulting in failure to feel The vegetative state of emotions such as joy and pain. The compensation system for spiritual damages, which is an important part of civil law, initially sprouted in ancient Rome and matured in modern times. It gradually matured and was fixed in the form of a legal code. For example, the German Civil Code and the Swiss Civil Code included a mental damage compensation system. content.