使用清洁电力代替化石能源燃烧供暖是实现“碳中和”的一个重要方式.若无适宜的商业模式,在一些煤炭资源丰富的地区,将很难推广电采暖替代燃煤供暖系统.首先,本文提出一种清洁电能采暖的商业模式,分析了利益相关者政府、国家电网和热能用户三者之间关于电采暖推广的博弈关系.基于此,提出利益相关者的收益函数并以次作为各自的优化目标,以电采暖推广功率、采暖电价和政府补贴为变量,电采暖推广功率、改造成本与补贴成本为约束,建立三(多)目标优化模型,并采用经典的多目标遗传算法来解决该模型.最后,对中国一个典型地区的 “电采暖 ”项目进行了分析,并对四个推广目标进行了讨论.结果表明:电网和用户之间的杠杆是电价,二者的收益也是对立的,但由于政府提供了高额的财政补贴,便存在三个利益相关者均获利的方案.“,”The use of clean electricity to replace fossil energy burning for heating is an important emission reduction way to achieve carbon neutrality.Without a good business model,it is very difficult to promote electric heating as a replacement for coal-fired systems in some areas with abundant coal resources.This study proposed a new business model for electric heating with stakeholders that included the government,the power grid company,and heat users.Based on this model,a specific tri-objective optimization model was proposed with the electric heating promotion power,heating electricity price,and government subsidy as variables to characterize the game relationship of the stakeholders,and the components of the stakeholder benefit function were analyzed in detail.A classical multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to solve the model.Finally,an “electrical heating” project for a typical area in China was analyzed,and four promotion cases were examined.The results showed that the power grid company and users had an antagonistic relationship in relation to the electricity price,but the best solution was found for all three stakeholders due to the high financial subsidies provided by the government.