目前已知癌的基因变化至少有3种,即癌基因的变化,癌抑制基因的变化和外来性基因(如病毒)掺入。采用印迹杂交法、限制酶、聚合酶链反应等方法可检出这些变化。了解和利用基因变化,不仅对某些癌的诊断、预后判定有重要意义,而且对新抗癌药物的开发、克服癌细胞的耐药性、防止抗癌药物对骨髓的抑制作用也有很大价值。 At present, there are known at least three genetic changes in cancer, namely changes in oncogenes, changes in cancer suppressor genes, and incorporation of foreign genes (such as viruses). These changes can be detected using methods such as blot hybridization, restriction enzymes, and polymerase chain reaction. Understanding and utilizing genetic changes is not only important for the diagnosis and prognosis of certain cancers, but also has great value in the development of new anticancer drugs, overcoming drug resistance in cancer cells, and preventing the inhibition of bone marrow by anticancer drugs. .