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[目的]了解上海市闸北区风疹的发病状况和流行趋势,为卫生行政部门制定风疹免疫接种策略提供依据。[方法]对闸北区1990—2012年风疹报告和疫情监测资料进行流行病学分析。[结果]1990—2012年,辖区共报告风疹病例9 003例,年平均发病率52.75/10万;1993年辖区报告风疹病例最多,共8 856例,发病率1 315.45/10万;2007—2008年,辖区无风疹病例报告。男女发病性别比为1∶1.04;5~14岁病例占73.68%;幼托儿童、中小学生是高发人群;风疹发病有明显的季节性,发病高峰为冬春季和春夏季;病例分布无地域聚集性趋势;疫苗使用后,风疹病例大幅度减少,1995—2012年,风疹病例共57例,且0~4岁、20岁以上病例在总病例中占有的构成比有上升趋势。[结论]接种疫苗是预防风疹发病的有效措施;疫苗使用后,风疹发病的年龄构成有所变化;建议用免疫手段,为更多成年人,特别是育龄期妇女提供保护,减少先天性风疹综合征的发生。
[Objective] To understand the incidence and epidemic trend of rubella in Zhabei District of Shanghai, and provide the basis for the development of rubella vaccination strategy by health administrative departments. [Method] The epidemiological analysis of rubella report and epidemic situation monitoring data from 1990 to 2012 in Zhabei District was conducted. [Results] From 1990 to 2012, a total of 9 003 rubella cases were reported in the area, with an average annual incidence of 52.75 / 100,000. In 1993, the area reported the largest number of rubella cases, with a total of 8 856 cases, with an incidence rate of 1 315.45 / 100 000; Years, no rubella cases report. Male and female incidence of sex ratio was 1: 1.04; 5 to 14 years old cases accounted for 73.68%; child care children, primary and secondary school students were high incidence of population; rubella incidence was significantly seasonal peak incidence in spring and winter and spring; the distribution of cases without geographical agglomeration In the period from 1995 to 2012, there were 57 cases of rubella, and the proportions of cases of 0 to 4 years old and over 20 years old in the total cases were on the rise. [Conclusion] Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent the onset of rubella. After the vaccine is used, the age composition of the rubella is changed. It is recommended to provide immunization for more adults, especially women of childbearing age, to reduce the incidence of congenital rubella Occurrence of the sign.