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本文首先回顾建国四十年来铁路从大体适应、局部紧张到全面紧张的发展历程。近年来由于运量上涨幅度加大，铁路主要干线和大区之间的通路能力达到超饱和状态，使设备超负荷运用，潜伏着严重后果。进而提出解决铁路能力不足的几项措施，即制定切实可行的交通运输政策；区别不同情况，选择扩能方案；扩大路网，修建新线；依靠科技进步，提高既有线能力。
This article first reviews the development of the railway from general adaptability, partial tension to overall tension in the 40 years since the founding of our People’s Republic. In recent years, due to the increase in the rate of traffic increase, the capacity of the thoroughfare between the major railway lines and the area of the railway has reached the over-saturation condition, causing the equipment to be overloaded and lurking serious consequences. And then put forward several measures to solve the problem of insufficient railway capacity, that is, to formulate practical transport policies; to distinguish different situations and to choose an expansion plan; to expand the road network and build a new line; and to rely on scientific and technological progress to enhance the existing capacity of existing lines.