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在某种意义上,马克思主义诞生之前的形形色色的哲学历史观都未能全面揭示社会历史及其发展变化的真相,相反,由于观察社会历史视野的单维化——即理性视野和价值视野的分裂,造成如下虚妄的历史观念:一方面,游离于价值反省之外的理性视野把社会历史唯理性化,并使之成为先验精神或自我意识在时问上的漫游,既然一切都在逻辑上被先验设定,那么,人也就同时被降格为具有特殊人格的历史工具或手段,沦落为历史的附庸;另一方面,抛弃了理性的价值视野寄希望于盲目价值的范导,往往只能陷入不着边际的乌托邦的幻想之中,这是近代空想社会主义、浪漫主义和民粹主义的失足之处.
In a sense, all kinds of philosophical and historical viewpoints before the birth of Marxism have failed to fully reveal the truth of social history and its development and changes. On the contrary, due to the observation of the unification of social and historical horizons - that is, the rational horizon and the value horizon Split, resulting in the following false historical ideas: On the one hand, the rationale beyond the value of introspection rationalization of social history, and make it a transcendental spirit or self-conscious roaming time, since everything in logic On the other hand, we have abandoned the horizon of rational value and placed our hopes on the paradigm of the blind value. On the other hand, we abandon the historic tools or means of special personalities, Often can only fall into the illusory illusion of utopia, which is the place where modern utopian socialism, romanticism and populism went astray.