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人类自远古就注意到了周围的岩石和矿物，为了生存或出于好奇，人们设法去查明它们并弄清楚它们的性质。作为工具制造者的人类主要是通过观察才学会鉴别某些岩石类型的。观察也使人类得以认识不同的矿物、岩石和金属。人类通过观察也更加了解了它们的性质及其可能的用途，对岩石和矿物观察得越仔细，也就对它们了解得越多，于是为了更好地进行观察，人们则不可避免地会迫使自己去增强观察能力、改进仪器设备。在人类漫长的历史中，在过去几千年里所经历的更加细致的观察和更加深入的了解的历程是从简单的透镜过渡到最为复杂和先进的带有观察分析设备的微探针仪器的。观察帮助人们去对岩石和矿物进行分类，并且主要是通过观察结果及其分析而发展出岩相学岩石学。通过比较观察结果来弄清楚岩石的成因。观察结果引导人们去认识岩石类型和一定的金属的关系，同时观察结果也引导人们去弄清楚矿床成因学。此外，通过观察结果人们认识到金属和矿脉之间的关系，而且人们最后认识到矿脉是为脉石与金属（金属矿物）所充填的裂隙系统。也是通过观察使人们认识到一定的金属产出于一定的岩石之中。与矿脉构造裂隙的概念相类似，人们通过观察结果认识到岩层的变形，而对褶皱和断层的观察则无疑是构造地质学发展的基础?
Humans have noticed the surrounding rocks and minerals since ancient times, and in order to survive or out of curiosity, people try to find out and figure out their nature. Humans as toolmakers learn to identify certain types of rocks primarily through observation. Observation also enables humans to recognize different minerals, rocks and metals. As humans become more aware of their nature and their possible uses through observation, the more carefully the rocks and minerals are observed, the more they know about them, so people are inevitably forcing themselves to be better observed To enhance the observation capabilities, improve equipment. In the long history of mankind, the process of more detailed observation and deeper understanding experienced over the past few thousand years has been to move from a simple lens to the most complex and advanced micro-probe instrument with observation and analysis equipment . Observations help people to classify rocks and minerals and mainly develop petrography of petrography based on observations and analyzes. By comparing the observations to figure out the cause of the rock. The observations lead people to understand the relationship between the type of rock and a certain amount of metal, and the observations also lead people to understand the genesis of the deposit. In addition, through observation, people have come to realize the relationship between metal and veins, and people finally realized that veins are fissure systems filled with gangue and metal (metal minerals). It is also through observation to make people realize that a certain amount of metal is produced in certain rocks. Similar to the concept of vestige fissures, people recognize the deformation of rock formations through observation, while the observation of folds and faults is undoubtedly the basis for the development of tectonic geology.