中国是有着悠久史志传统的国度,但受发源于欧洲19世纪的现代历史学影响而形成“新史学”传统,其历史也不过百年。欧洲现代历史学作为一个观念体系学说其基础在于社会进化论,而它的终极目标乃是为近代民族国家或者新兴的社会政治力量提供意识形态根据。受其影响,20世纪中国的历史学总体上也是以社会进化论为基础,并因后来唯物史观和苏联史学的引进而在新中国成立前后形成了马克 China is a country with a long tradition of history. However, its history has only reached a hundred years because of its tradition of “new history” influenced by the modern history of 19th century Europe. As a concept system, modern history in Europe is based on the theory of social evolution. Its ultimate goal is to provide the ideological basis for the modern nation-state or emerging social and political forces. Affected by it, the history of China in the 20th century is also based on the theory of social evolution as a whole, and the introduction of historical materialism and Soviet historiography led to the formation of Mark