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目的 探讨儿童精神分裂症近 10年来的变化特点及趋势。方法 对 1986～ 1989年(10年前组 ,118例 )和 1996～ 1999年 (10年后组 ,116例 ) 2 34例住院精神分裂症患者的病例资料进行回顾性研究 ,并按发病年龄将两组分为 <6岁、6～ 9岁、10～ 12岁及 13～ 15岁年龄段 ,比较两组的发病年龄及症状变化特点。结果 10年后组的平均发病年龄 [(11.6± 1 6 )岁 ]较 10年前组 [(13 2±2 0 )岁 ]提前 1 6岁 (P <0 0 5 )。 10年后组在 10～ 12岁年龄段 ,幻视的发生率 (6 6 7% )高于 10年前组(38 5 % ,P <0 0 1) ;与 10年前组比较 ,10年后组除 <6岁年龄段外 ,余各年龄段的关系妄想发生率均有升高 (P <0 0 1,0 0 5 ,0 0 1) ,10～ 12岁年龄段钟情妄想的发生率亦升高 (P <0 0 1)。涉及性现象、武打、恐怖、迷信、虚幻、学习能力、经济状况等精神症状的发生率上升 (P <0 0 1,0 0 5 )。结论 近 10年来儿童精神分裂症的平均发病年龄提前 ,关系妄想发生率的升高较明显 ;涉及性现象等精神症状是目前儿童精神分裂症的特点之一。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and trends of schizophrenia in children over the past 10 years. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the data of 2 34 inpatients with schizophrenia in hospital from 1986 to 1989 (118 cases 10 years ago) and from 1996 to 1999 (116 cases after 10 years). According to the age of onset The two groups were <6 years old, 6 ~ 9 years old, 10 ~ 12 years old and 13 ~ 15 years old age group. The onset age and symptom characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results The mean age of onset of the group after 10 years (11.6 ± 16 years) was 16 years (P <0.05) earlier than that of the group 10 years earlier (132 ± 20 years). After 10 years, the prevalence of visual hallucination (6 6 7%) in the 10-12 age group was higher than that in 10 years ago (38 5%, P 0 01). Compared with 10 years ago 10 years In addition to the <6-year-old age group, the incidence of paranoia in all age groups was significantly higher in the latter group (P <0 0, 0 0 0, 0 0 1), and the incidence of delusion in the 10-12 age group Also increased (P <0.01). The incidence of psychiatric symptoms such as sexual phenomena, martial arts, terror, superstition, illusion, learning ability and economic status increased (P <0 0, 0 0 5). Conclusions The average age at onset of schizophrenia in children has been earlier than that in the past 10 years, and the incidence of delusional relationship is more obvious. The mental symptoms such as sexual phenomena are one of the characteristics of schizophrenia in children at present.