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清代新疆移民屯田发端于康熙时期的平准战争,其规模、范围在乾嘉时期达到顶峰,清末因边疆危机,辛亥革命爆发,移民屯田随之终止。本文通过清代新疆移民屯田研究,论述这一时期新疆地区的人口流动和民族迁徙——内地民众西迁新疆;维吾尔族民众的迁徙流动。清代新疆的移民实边,使各民族的聚居地相对固定,在不断交流交往中,造就新疆多民族分布的格局。
In the Qing Dynasty, the Miantian immigrants in Miantian started in the flattening of the Kangxi period. The scale and scope of the Miantian peak reached a peak during the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods. In the late Qing Dynasty, due to the crisis in the frontier and the revolution of 1911, the immigration of the Miantian ceased. This paper studies the Migration of Migrants in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty, and discusses the population and ethnic migration in Xinjiang in this period - the movement of the mainland people to Xinjiang in the west and the migration of Uighur people. In the Qing Dynasty, the immigrants in Xinjiang practiced solidarity, made the settlements of all ethnic groups relatively fixed, and kept exchanges and exchanges, thus creating a pattern of multi-ethnic distribution in Xinjiang.