厂长(经理)负责制(以下简称“负责制”)是由厂长(经理)对企业的生产经营管理活动统一决策指挥和全面负责、企业党组织则对党和国家方针、政策的贯彻执行起保证监督作用、职工代表大会参与企业的民主管理这样一种“三位一体”的企业领导管理体制。其目的是建立企业权利协调与制衡的运行机制,把企业经营管理的责权利统一起来,建立集中统一、富有效率的企业经营管理体系。然而,在实践中,负责制却发生了异位现象。人们对负责制存在两种错误的理解:(1)认为负责制是“党委第二次靠边”,厂长(经理)一长制取代党委书记一长制,党委和职工代表大会参与企业决策过程是徒增层次,贻误时机,弊多利少,没有必要。(2)认为负责制是党委领导下的负责制,即党委作决定,厂长(经理)负责落实执行。两种错误的理解形成了三种错误的作法: (一)“甘当配角”。厂长(经理)和党委书记都持第一种观点时,企业的厂长(经理)成为企业的“第一把手”,甩开膀子,“独挑大梁”,独断专行,甚至滥用职权;党委书记则直言不讳地自称为厂长(经理)的“配角”、“助手”。这类企业表面看来党政关系很“和谐”,实际上是党的工作围绕行政 The director (manager) responsibility system (hereinafter referred to as “responsibility system”) is the unified decision-making and overall responsibility of the factory manager (manager) for the company’s production, operation, and management activities, and the implementation of party and national policies and policies by party organizations. The “three-in-one” corporate leadership management system, which ensures the role of supervision and the employee representative assembly’s participation in the democratic management of the enterprise, is adopted. Its purpose is to establish an operational mechanism for the coordination and balance of corporate rights, to integrate the responsibilities and rights of corporate operations and management, and to establish a centralized and unified, efficient corporate management system. However, in practice, the responsibility system has taken place. There are two kinds of misunderstandings about the accountability system: (1) The responsibility system is considered to be “the second time the party committees are on the sidelines”, the long-term manager (manager) replaces the one-party system of party secretary, and party committees and employee representatives’ conferences participate in the enterprise’s decision-making process. It is an increase in the number of people, and the timing is delayed. There are more disadvantages and less harm than necessary. (2) Considering that the responsibility system is the responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee, that is, the party committee makes a decision, and the director (manager) is responsible for the implementation. Two kinds of wrong understandings have formed three kinds of wrong practices: (1) “Gandan as a supporting role”. When the director (manager) and the party committee secretary both hold the first viewpoint, the director (manager) of the company becomes the “top leader” of the company, throwing himself out of his arms, “difficulties alone”, arbitrariness, and even abuse of power; the secretary of the party committee bluntly Unabashedly calling himself the “supporting actor” and “helper” of the factory manager (manager). On the surface of such enterprises, the relationship between the party and the government is very “harmonious.” In fact, the work of the party centers on the administration.