脓毒症是重症医学领域常见疾病，易并发急性肺损伤（ALI）甚至急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）而具有较高的病死率。尽管国内外学者对脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS的发病机制进行了大量的研究，但迄今仍未完全阐明。近年来研究表明线粒体DNA（mtDNA）在脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS中可能扮演着重要角色。本文就目前mtDNA在脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS发病机制中的作用进行综述，以期为脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS的治疗提供新的线索和依据。“,”Sepsis is a common disease the field of critical care medicine. It is easy to be complicated by acute lung injury (ALI) or even acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which lead to high mortality. Although domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of research on the pathogenesis of sepsis-related ALI/ARDS, it has not been fully elucidated so far. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may play an important role in sepsis-related ALI/ARDS. This article reviews the current role of mtDNA in the pathogenesis of sepsis-related ALI/ARDS, with a view to providing new clues and evidence for the treatment of sepsis-related ALI/ARDS.